Translation guide
In Japanese, the concept of 'biography' is expressed through several words that differ in formality, length, and context. The most common and neutral term is 伝記 (でんき), used for published life stories. For a person's life history in a broader sense, 経歴 (けいれき) is used, often in professional contexts. A more formal or literary term is 伝 (でん), often part of titles. For an autobiographical account, 自伝 (じでん) is used. In casual contexts, 一代記 (いちだいき) can refer to a full-life story.
A written account of someone's life, usually a book or article.
The standard, neutral word for a biography. Used for published works about historical figures, celebrities, etc.
He is reading a biography of Einstein.
This biography is written in great detail.
A more formal or literary term, often used in book titles or as a suffix. Implies a classic or scholarly biography.
Literally 'one-generation record'. Refers to a full-life biography, often with a narrative or dramatic tone. Less common in everyday speech.
A person's life story or professional background, often in a resume, introduction, or obituary.
Refers to one's personal history, career, or background. Used in professional contexts, resumes, and formal introductions.
His background is very unique.
A brief biography or abbreviated personal history. Common in programs, conference materials, or short introductions.
A biography written by the subject themselves.
伝記 is a published biography, while 経歴 refers to a person's life or career history, often in a resume or introduction. Use 経歴 when talking about someone's background, not a book.
If you want to say 'write your biography' on a job application, use 経歴 or 履歴 (りれき). 伝記 implies a published book.
Have you ever read 'The Biography of Fukuzawa Yukichi'?
彼の波乱万丈の一代記が映画化された。
His turbulent life story was made into a movie.
Please write your personal history in detail on your resume.
講演者の略歴をプログラムに掲載します。
We will include the speaker's brief biography in the program.
彼の自叙伝は多くの読者を感動させた。
His autobiography moved many readers.