Translation guide
In Japanese culture, bowing (ojigi) is a fundamental non-verbal greeting and gesture of respect. The depth and duration of the bow convey different levels of formality and meaning. This guide covers how to express the act of bowing in Japanese, from casual nods to formal bows.
To refer to the act of bowing in everyday situations, such as greetings, expressing gratitude, or apologizing.
The most common and general term for a bow. It can be used for bows of greeting, thanks, or apology. Often used with the verb する (to do).
日本人は挨拶のときにお辞儀をします。
Japanese people bow when greeting.
彼は深々とお辞儀をした。
He bowed deeply.
A slight bow, often just a nod of the head. Used in casual or passing greetings, or to acknowledge someone. Less formal than お辞儀.
廊下で会釈を交わした。
We exchanged slight bows in the hallway.
A very deep, formal bow, often used in ceremonies or to show the utmost respect. The bow is typically 45 degrees or more.
式典で最敬礼を行った。
They performed a deep ceremonial bow at the ceremony.
To talk about the custom or etiquette of bowing in Japan.
Literally 'the custom of bowing'. Used when discussing bowing as a cultural tradition.
お辞儀の習慣は日本文化の重要な一部です。
The custom of bowing is an important part of Japanese culture.
A compound meaning 'bowing culture'. Often used in discussions about Japanese business or social etiquette.
日本のお辞儀文化は外国人にとって興味深いです。
Japan's bowing culture is fascinating to foreigners.
To express the action of bowing.
The standard verb phrase for 'to bow'. It is neutral and can be used in most contexts.
先生にお辞儀をしてください。
Please bow to the teacher.
Literally 'to lower one's head'. A common, slightly more casual way to say 'to bow'. It can also be used figuratively to mean 'to yield' or 'to apologize'.
彼は謝罪して頭を下げた。
He apologized and bowed his head.
An onomatopoeic adverb describing a quick, casual bow or nod. Often used with お辞儀をする or 頭を下げる.
彼はぺこりとお辞儀をした。
He gave a quick little bow.
In modern Japan, bowing is still the standard greeting, but handshakes are also common, especially in business with foreigners. When unsure, follow the other person's lead. A slight bow combined with a handshake is a safe compromise.
お辞儀と握手を同時にする人もいます。
Some people bow and shake hands at the same time.
Excessively deep or long bows can seem comical or insincere. Match the depth and duration to the situation and the other person's status. A 15-degree bow is typical for casual greetings, 30 degrees for formal greetings, and 45 degrees for very formal apologies or respect.