Translation guide
The English word 'child' can refer to a young person, a son or daughter, or be used in various figurative senses. This guide helps learners choose the most natural Japanese expression depending on the context.
Referring to a child in the general sense of a young human, not yet an adult.
The most common and neutral word for 'child'. Can be used for both boys and girls, singular or plural.
That child is energetic, isn't he?
A slightly more formal or written form of 'child'. Often used in compounds or set phrases.
Alternative spelling of 子供, often used in educational or child-friendly contexts. The meaning is identical.
Referring to one's own child, regardless of age.
Used for one's own children, just like 'child' in English. Can be used for adult children as well.
Emphasizing that someone is not an adult, often in legal or social contexts.
Calling someone childish or immature.
Referring to something that is the result or creation of a particular time, situation, or person (e.g., 'child of the 80s').
When asking 'How old is your child?', use お子さん (おこさん) for politeness, not 子供. 子供 can sound blunt when referring to someone else's child.
How old is your child?
子供 is the standard word for 'child' in most contexts. 子 is more literary and often appears in compounds (e.g., 子育て, 子供). Using 子 alone in conversation can sound old-fashioned or poetic.
There are many children in the park.
That child is very smart.
The children are playing.
I have two children.
My child graduated from university.
Specifically means 'son'. Use when you need to specify gender.
My son is a doctor.
Means 'minor' (under legal age). Used in formal or legal contexts.
Underage drinking is prohibited.
Means 'adult'. Often used in contrast with 子供 to emphasize the child/adult distinction.
There are child and adult rates.
Adjective meaning 'childish' or 'immature'. Describes behavior or personality.
He still has a childish side.
Means 'like a child'. Can be used for both positive (innocent) and negative (immature) connotations.
Getting angry over something like that is childish.
He is a child of nature.