Translation guide
The English word "cooperate" covers a range of collaborative actions, from working together on a task to complying with a request. In Japanese, the best expression depends on the nature of the cooperation: whether it's mutual teamwork, one-sided compliance, or joining forces for a common goal.
Two or more parties actively collaborate to achieve something together.
The most common and general term for cooperating, emphasizing mutual effort toward a common objective.
このプロジェクトに協力してください。
Please cooperate on this project.
The two companies cooperated on developing a new product.
Literally "combine forces," this phrase emphasizes pooling efforts or strengths. Slightly more emotive than 協力する.
みんなで力を合わせて問題を解決しよう。
Let's all cooperate and solve the problem.
Used for joint undertakings, often in formal or business contexts. Implies shared responsibility.
彼らは研究を共同で行った。
They cooperated on the research.
Cooperation with a focus on coordination and linkage, often between organizations or systems.
警察と消防が連携して救助にあたった。
The police and fire department cooperated in the rescue effort.
One party does what another asks, often in an investigation, survey, or official matter.
Also used for compliance, especially in polite requests. Context makes the meaning clear.
調査にご協力いただけますか。
Would you cooperate with the survey?
警察の捜査に協力した。
He cooperated with the police investigation.
To comply or agree to a request. Often used when the cooperation is somewhat passive.
To follow orders or rules. Implies a hierarchical relationship; stronger than simple cooperation.
People interact smoothly without conflict, often in a social or team environment.
Emphasizes harmony and getting along while working together. Common in workplace or group settings.
チームで協調することが大切だ。
It's important to cooperate as a team.
Literally "get along well," used for friendly cooperation, especially among children or in casual contexts.
兄弟で仲良くしなさい。
Cooperate with your siblings (play nicely).
Working with an opposing side, often with a negative connotation (collaboration).
To secretly cooperate with the enemy, betraying one's own side. Strongly negative.
彼は敵に内通していた。
He was cooperating with the enemy.
協力する is the broadest term for cooperation, focusing on working together for a goal. 協調する emphasizes harmony and mutual accommodation, often used in contexts where maintaining good relationships is key.
When "cooperate with" means simply complying or going along with something, 協力する may sound too active. Use 応じる or 従う for passive compliance.
時間通りに終わらせるには、みんなの協力が必要です。
We need everyone to cooperate if we want to finish on time.
目撃者は警察への協力を拒んだ。
The witness refused to cooperate with the police.
彼はインタビューに応じた。
He cooperated with the interview (agreed to be interviewed).
規則に従ってください。
Please cooperate by following the rules.