Translation guide
The English word "cordially" is used in two main ways: as a formal closing in letters/emails, and as an adverb meaning "in a warm and friendly manner." This guide covers natural Japanese equivalents for each use.
The writer wants to end a formal message with a polite, friendly tone, similar to "Sincerely" or "Cordially" in English.
Standard formal closing used in Japanese letters. Equivalent to 'Sincerely' or 'Yours truly'. Used in written correspondence, not spoken.
Describing an action done with genuine warmth, friendliness, and politeness, often in social or professional settings.
Literally 'with heart put into it'. Used for actions done sincerely and warmly, such as welcoming, thanking, or inviting. Natural in both spoken and written Japanese.
In English, 'Cordially' is a standard letter closing. In Japanese, using a single word like 敬具 is correct for formal letters, but for emails, a full polite phrase is more natural. Do not try to translate 'cordially' literally as an adverb in closings (e.g., 心を込めて at the end of an email sounds odd).
以上、よろしくお願いいたします。敬具
Thank you for your consideration. Cordially,
A formal closing used primarily by women in letters. More traditional and polite than 敬具, but less common in modern business contexts.
I am writing to inform you promptly. Cordially,
In emails, Japanese often uses a full phrase like よろしくお願いいたします (Thank you in advance) rather than a single closing word. This is more natural than trying to translate 'cordially' directly.
Thank you in advance. (functions as a cordial closing)
He cordially welcomed the guests.
I cordially express my gratitude.
Adverbial form of 温かい (warm). Conveys a warm, friendly manner. Commonly used with verbs like 迎える (welcome), もてなす (entertain), 招く (invite).
We were cordially received.
She always treats me cordially.
Means 'politely' or 'courteously', with a nuance of respectful warmth. Suitable for formal situations where you want to emphasize both politeness and cordiality.
He bowed cordially.
Literally 'with friendliness put into it'. Emphasizes a friendly, approachable warmth. Often used in invitations or when speaking to someone you want to make feel comfortable.
He spoke to me cordially.