Translation guide
The English term "cross section" has two main uses: a physical slice or cut through an object (often in diagrams), and a figurative sense meaning a representative sample of a group. This guide covers both, with natural Japanese expressions for each.
To refer to a surface or view exposed by cutting through an object, often used in science, engineering, or diagrams.
The most common and direct translation for a physical cross section, used in technical and everyday contexts.
To describe a selection of people or things that represents the whole, often used in statistics, surveys, or social commentary.
While 断面 can be used figuratively, it may sound slightly stiff or technical. For casual conversation about a diverse group, phrases like いろんな人 (various people) or 多様な人々 (diverse people) are more natural.
There was a cross section of people at the party.
この図は橋の断面を示しています。
This diagram shows a cross section of the bridge.
Specifically a cross-sectional diagram or drawing. Use when emphasizing the visual representation.
Looking at the cross-sectional diagram, you can see the internal structure.
A transverse cross section, i.e., a cut perpendicular to the long axis. Technical term.
We observed a transverse cross section of the trunk under a microscope.
Also used figuratively for a representative sample, though less common than the physical sense. Often appears in phrases like 社会の断面 (a cross section of society).
This survey reflects a cross section of modern society.
Means 'representative example(s)'. A natural way to express the idea of a cross section when talking about a sample.
The participants can be called a cross section of local residents.
Literally 'broad strata', used to describe a wide cross section of people, especially in terms of demographics.
The program is popular with a broad cross section of viewers.
Means 'various people'. A simpler, less formal way to convey a cross section of people.
You see a cross section of people in the city.