Translation guide
Refers to a former emperor who has abdicated. In Japanese, this is a specific title with cultural and historical significance.
Emperor Emeritus
The current official English translation for 上皇 is 'Emperor Emeritus'.
To refer to or address a former emperor who has stepped down.
The standard term for an emperor who has abdicated. Used historically and currently for Emperor Emeritus Akihito.
When referring to the Emperor Emeritus with respect, use 上皇陛下 (Jōkō Heika). The suffix 陛下 (Heika) is equivalent to 'His Majesty'.
The reigning emperor is 天皇 (Tennō), while the retired emperor is 上皇 (Jōkō). Do not confuse the two titles.
His Majesty the Emperor Emeritus visited Kyoto.
A more formal and historical term, often used in official contexts or historical documents. Literally 'Grand Emperor'.
There were many retired emperors during the Heian period.
An abbreviated historical term referring to a retired emperor, often used in compound words like 院政 (cloistered rule). Rarely used alone in modern contexts.
Cloistered rule is a form of government where the retired emperor holds actual power.