Translation guide
The English word 'err' means to make a mistake or be incorrect. In Japanese, there is no single direct equivalent; instead, various verbs and expressions are used depending on the context, such as making an error in judgment, calculation, or action.
Expressing that someone has made an error, especially in judgment or action.
The most common and general verb for making a mistake. It can be used for errors in speech, action, or understanding.
Describing a deviation from what is morally correct or expected.
Literally 'to mistake the path', used figuratively to mean going astray morally or in life choices.
There is no single Japanese word that covers all uses of 'err'. Using 間違える is the safest default for most everyday mistakes. Avoid directly translating 'err' in set phrases like 'err on the side of caution'; instead, rephrase the idea (e.g., 安全側に立つ).
I made a mistake in the calculation.
I might have taken the wrong road.
A more formal or literary verb meaning to err or make a mistake. Often used in written language or formal apologies.
I erred in my judgment.
A common casual phrase using the loanword 'miss' (ミス). It means to make a mistake, often in work or daily tasks.
I made a mistake at work.
Intransitive version of 間違える, meaning 'to be mistaken' or 'to be wrong'. Less common in daily speech but still used.
The answer is wrong.
In my youth, I strayed from the right path.
A formal expression meaning 'to commit an error' or 'to sin'. Often used in serious or moral contexts.
He committed a grave error.