Translation guide
The English word 'err' means to make a mistake or be incorrect. In Japanese, there is no single direct equivalent; instead, various verbs and expressions are used depending on the context, such as making an error in judgment, calculation, or action.
Expressing that someone has made an error, especially in judgment or action.
The most common and general verb for making a mistake. It can be used for errors in speech, action, or understanding.
Describing a deviation from what is morally correct or expected.
Literally 'to mistake the path', used figuratively to mean going astray morally or in life choices.
若い頃、道を誤ってしまった。
In my youth, I strayed from the right path.
There is no single Japanese word that covers all uses of 'err'. Using 間違える is the safest default for most everyday mistakes. Avoid directly translating 'err' in set phrases like 'err on the side of caution'; instead, rephrase the idea (e.g., 安全側に立つ).
計算を間違えた。
I made a mistake in the calculation.
道を間違えたかもしれない。
I might have taken the wrong road.
A more formal or literary verb meaning to err or make a mistake. Often used in written language or formal apologies.
判断を誤った。
I erred in my judgment.
A common casual phrase using the loanword 'miss' (ミス). It means to make a mistake, often in work or daily tasks.
仕事でミスをした。
I made a mistake at work.
Intransitive version of 間違える, meaning 'to be mistaken' or 'to be wrong'. Less common in daily speech but still used.
答えが間違っている。
The answer is wrong.
A formal expression meaning 'to commit an error' or 'to sin'. Often used in serious or moral contexts.
彼は大きな過ちを犯した。
He committed a grave error.