Translation guide
Damage caused by freezing temperatures, especially to plants, crops, or structures. In Japanese, the term varies depending on what is damaged and the context.
Describing harm to vegetation due to frost or freezing conditions.
General term for frost damage to crops or plants. Common in agricultural contexts.
Describing structural damage caused by freezing and thawing cycles.
Damage caused by freezing, used for concrete, roads, or buildings. Common in engineering contexts.
Describing injury to skin or tissue from extreme cold.
霜害 (sōgai) is specifically frost damage to plants, while 凍害 (tōgai) is freezing damage to structures or materials. Do not confuse them.
霜害で稲が枯れた。
The rice plants withered from frost damage.
凍害で橋が劣化した。
The bridge deteriorated due to frost damage.
Do not translate 'frost damage' word-for-word as 霜の損害 (shimo no songai). It sounds unnatural. Use the appropriate compound word based on context.
今年の霜害で野菜が全滅した。
This year's frost damage wiped out all the vegetables.
More specific term combining freezing and frost damage, often used in technical or agricultural reports.
凍霜害のリスクを減らすために、農家は対策を講じている。
Farmers are taking measures to reduce the risk of frost damage.
Casual way to say plants were damaged by frost. Literally 'done in by frost'.
庭の花が霜でやられちゃった。
The flowers in the garden got frostbitten.
Withering or dying of plants due to frost. Often used in literary or descriptive contexts.
霜枯れの野原が広がっていた。
A frost-withered field stretched out.
コンクリートの凍害を防ぐには、適切な施工が必要だ。
To prevent frost damage to concrete, proper construction is necessary.
Descriptive phrase meaning 'damage due to freezing and thawing'. Used in technical reports.
凍結融解による損傷が道路の劣化を早める。
Damage from freezing and thawing accelerates road deterioration.
Medical term for frostbite. Used for humans and animals.
登山中に凍傷になり、指を切断した。
He got frostbite while climbing and had his fingers amputated.
Chilblains, a milder form of cold injury causing red, itchy swellings. Not as severe as frostbite.
寒い日に外にいると、足にしもやけができた。
When I stayed outside on a cold day, I got chilblains on my feet.