Translation guide
Damage caused by freezing temperatures, especially to plants, crops, or structures. In Japanese, the term varies depending on what is damaged and the context.
Describing harm to vegetation due to frost or freezing conditions.
General term for frost damage to crops or plants. Common in agricultural contexts.
This year's frost damage wiped out all the vegetables.
More specific term combining freezing and frost damage, often used in technical or agricultural reports.
Farmers are taking measures to reduce the risk of frost damage.
Casual way to say plants were damaged by frost. Literally 'done in by frost'.
The flowers in the garden got frostbitten.
Withering or dying of plants due to frost. Often used in literary or descriptive contexts.
A frost-withered field stretched out.
Describing structural damage caused by freezing and thawing cycles.
Describing injury to skin or tissue from extreme cold.
霜害 (sōgai) is specifically frost damage to plants, while 凍害 (tōgai) is freezing damage to structures or materials. Do not confuse them.
The rice plants withered from frost damage.
The bridge deteriorated due to frost damage.
Do not translate 'frost damage' word-for-word as 霜の損害 (shimo no songai). It sounds unnatural. Use the appropriate compound word based on context.
Damage from freezing and thawing accelerates road deterioration.
When I stayed outside on a cold day, I got chilblains on my feet.