Translation guide
The Japanese word for 'gene' is 遺伝子 (いでんし). This is the standard term used in biology, medicine, and everyday conversation. There are no major polysemy issues; the word is used much like its English counterpart.
The gene underwent a mutation.
This disease is caused by a genetic abnormality.
Also used figuratively, as in English.
He has inherited the art gene.
Refers to lineage or bloodline, often used when talking about inherited traits in a more traditional or colloquial sense.
Musical talent runs in the family.