Translation guide
The concept of heresy in Japanese is most commonly expressed with 異端 (itan), which refers to unorthodox or heretical beliefs, especially in religious or ideological contexts. For the specific Christian theological sense, 異教 (ikyō) or 邪教 (jakyō) may be used, but these are less common. In everyday language, 異端 is also used metaphorically for unconventional ideas.
Expressing a belief or opinion that goes against established doctrine, especially in religion or ideology.
His opinion was considered heresy.
The Inquisition was carried out in medieval Europe.
Literally 'different religion', often used to mean heresy or paganism from a Christian perspective. Less common in secular contexts.
Worshipping pagan gods was forbidden.
Implies a false or evil teaching, often used pejoratively. Stronger than 異端 and carries a negative moral judgment.
The cult was denounced as a heresy.
Describing an idea, method, or approach that is radically different from the accepted norm, often in non-religious contexts like science, art, or business.
Used metaphorically for any unorthodox or groundbreaking idea. Common in phrases like 異端児 (heretic, maverick).
He is a maverick in the scientific community.
Means 'out of the ordinary' or 'unconventional'. Not as strong as heresy, but conveys a departure from common sense.
In everyday conversation, directly saying 'それは異端だ' (That's heresy) can sound overly dramatic or religious. Instead, use softer expressions like 'それは普通じゃない' (That's not normal) or 'それは変わってる' (That's strange).
異端 (itan) is the most neutral and widely used term for heresy or unorthodoxy. 異教 (ikyō) specifically refers to a different religion, often from a Christian viewpoint. 邪教 (jakyō) carries a strong negative connotation of a false or evil cult. Use 異端 unless the context demands a more specific nuance.
heretical thought
ritual of a heretical cult
The theory was initially considered heresy.
His proposal was unconventional.