Translation guide
The English word "immigrant" refers to a person who moves to a new country to live there permanently. In Japanese, the most common and neutral term is 移民 (いみん), but depending on context, other words like 移住者 (いじゅうしゃ) or 外国人 (がいこくじん) may be used. This guide helps you choose the right expression based on nuance and situation.
To refer to someone who has immigrated, in a neutral or formal context.
The standard word for 'immigrant'. It can be used for individuals or groups, and is neutral in tone. Often used in news, government, and academic contexts.
He is an immigrant to the United States.
The number of immigrants is increasing.
Literally 'person who relocates'. Emphasizes the act of moving residence, often permanently. Slightly more formal or bureaucratic than 移民. Can be used for internal migration as well, but context usually clarifies international move.
The number of immigrants to Canada is increasing.
Means 'foreigner' or 'foreign national'. Not a direct translation of 'immigrant', but sometimes used when the focus is on the person's non-Japanese status rather than the act of immigration. Use with caution, as it can imply outsider status.
This word does not mean 'immigrant' per se; it means 'foreigner'. Use only when the context already implies immigration, or when you want to emphasize foreign nationality.
The number of foreigners living in Japan is increasing.
To highlight the act of immigrating or the legal status of being an immigrant.
A descriptive phrase meaning 'a person who came as an immigrant'. Useful when you want to be clear about the immigration context.
He is someone who came to Japan as an immigrant.
Means 'permanent resident'. Refers to a legal status, not necessarily the act of moving. Often used for immigrants who have obtained permanent residency.
A naturalized citizen; an immigrant who has acquired citizenship. Very specific legal term.
To refer to a group of immigrants or the immigrant population in a country.
To refer specifically to a person who immigrates without legal permission.
Standard term for 'illegal immigrant'. Used in news and official contexts.
The problem of illegal immigrants is becoming more serious.
Literally 'illegal overstayer' or 'person staying illegally'. Focuses on the act of staying without permission, which often overlaps with illegal immigration.
移民 (immigrant) implies a permanent move to a new country. 外国人 (foreigner) simply means a person from another country, regardless of residency status. Using 外国人 when you mean 移民 can be inaccurate or even offensive if it implies someone doesn't belong.
移住者 emphasizes the relocation itself and can be used for both international and domestic moves. 移民 is specifically for international migration. In most cases, 移民 is the safer choice for 'immigrant'.
My grandparents were immigrants from Italy.
The city has a long history of welcoming immigrants.
He is a permanent resident of Japan.
He obtained Japanese citizenship as a naturalized citizen.
Illegal immigrants were deported.