Translation guide
Expresses that something is true or happens without being affected by a particular factor. In Japanese, this is commonly expressed with set patterns using にかかわらず, を問わず, or に関係なく.
To say that something applies or happens regardless of a condition, difference, or factor.
Used to mean 'regardless of N'. N is often a noun expressing a condition like weather, age, or a pair of opposites (e.g., 晴雨). Formal and common in written Japanese.
このイベントは、天候にかかわらず開催されます。
This event will be held irrespective of the weather.
年齢にかかわらず、誰でも参加できます。
Anyone can participate irrespective of age.
Means 'without regard to N' or 'irrespective of N'. Often used with nouns indicating type, category, or a pair of opposites. Slightly formal.
経験を問わず、やる気のある人を募集します。
We are looking for motivated people irrespective of experience.
昼夜を問わず、工事が続いている。
Construction continues irrespective of day or night.
Literally 'without relation to N'. Used in both spoken and written Japanese. Slightly more casual than にかかわらず.
国籍に関係なく、応募できます。
You can apply irrespective of nationality.
Means 'without caring about N' or 'regardless of N'. Often implies disregard for something that should normally be considered. Can carry a negative nuance of indifference.
彼は周囲の迷惑にかまわず、大声で話し続けた。
He kept talking loudly irrespective of the annoyance to those around him.
All three mean 'irrespective of', but にかかわらず is the most formal and often used with conditions or opposites. を問わず is common with categories or types. に関係なく is more neutral and can be used in conversation. にかまわず implies a negative disregard.
性別にかかわらず、給料は同じです。
Salary is the same irrespective of gender.
性別を問わず、給料は同じです。
Salary is the same irrespective of gender.
Salary is the same irrespective of gender.
Salary is the same irrespective of gender.