Translation guide
The English word "labor" covers physical work, childbirth, workers as a group, and the act of working hard. Japanese uses different words for each meaning, and direct translation can sound unnatural.
Referring to manual work, toil, or strenuous effort.
General term for labor, especially physical or manual work, often used in economic or social contexts.
Manual labor is tough.
Improve working conditions.
Labor in the sense of diligent work or service, often used in formal contexts like Labor Thanksgiving Day.
Labor Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday.
Effort or labor expended, often emphasizing the energy or trouble involved.
This job requires a lot of labor.
The process of giving birth.
The collective workforce or labor force.
The verb form: to labor at something, to toil.
General verb for working; can imply physical labor depending on context.
He labored on the farm all day.
To take pains, to work hard; literally 'break one's bones'.
To experience hardship or toil; emphasizes the difficulty.
He labored a lot when he was young.
English 'to labor' often sounds unnatural if directly translated. Use context-appropriate verbs like 働く (to work) or 苦労する (to struggle) instead of trying to force a single equivalent.
彼女は無事に出産を終えた。
She safely completed her labor.
She is close to labor.
That country depends on cheap labor.
彼はそのプロジェクトに骨折って働いた。
He labored hard on the project.