Translation guide
The rigid outer layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
The scientific term for the Earth's rigid outer shell, used in geology and earth science.
Standard scientific term for lithosphere. Literally 'rock sphere'.
岩石圏は地殻と上部マントルから成る。
The lithosphere consists of the crust and the upper mantle.
Katakana loanword from English, common in academic contexts.
Abbreviated form of 岩石圏, less common but understood in technical writing.
リソスフェアの厚さは地域によって異なる。
The thickness of the lithosphere varies by region.
Investigate the structure of the lithosphere.