Translation guide
The term 'mental retardation' is now considered outdated and offensive in English. In Japanese, the most common and neutral term is 知的障害 (chiteki shōgai). However, older or more direct terms exist and should be used with caution. This guide helps learners understand the appropriate Japanese expressions for this concept.
mental retardation (neutral/clinical)
This is the standard, respectful term used in education, medicine, and law.
The standard, respectful way to refer to intellectual disability in Japanese.
This is the modern, neutral term for intellectual disability. It is used in official contexts, education, and healthcare.
He has an intellectual disability.
Support children with intellectual disabilities.
A slightly more specific term emphasizing developmental aspects. Also neutral and acceptable.
I was diagnosed with an intellectual developmental disorder.
These terms are direct translations of 'mental retardation' but are now considered derogatory or outdated. They may appear in older texts or casual speech but should be avoided in polite conversation.
This is the literal translation of 'mental retardation'. It is outdated and can be offensive. Still used in some medical contexts historically.
Avoid using this term in modern, respectful communication. It is considered derogatory.
'Mental retardation' is a term no longer used today.
Another direct translation, less common than 精神遅滞. Also outdated.
This term is also outdated and potentially offensive. Use 知的障害 instead.
These are highly offensive slang terms. They are included only for recognition and should never be used by learners.
An extremely offensive slur meaning 'idiot' or 'imbecile'. Historically used as a medical term but now purely derogatory.
Never use this word. It is deeply insulting.
He was treated like an idiot. (offensive)
A derogatory term meaning 'low intelligence' or 'feeble-minded'. Used as an insult.
This is a slur and should never be used.
The English term 'mental retardation' is now considered offensive. In Japanese, the direct translations 精神遅滞 and 知能遅滞 are also outdated and potentially hurtful. Always use 知的障害 in respectful communication.
In Japanese, it is common to say 知的障害のある人 (a person with intellectual disability) rather than 知的障害者 (intellectually disabled person), though both are used. The former is more person-first.
The term 'mental retardation' can be seen as discriminatory.
低能と言われて傷ついた。
I was hurt when called 'feeble-minded'. (offensive)