Translation guide
The term 'mental retardation' is now considered outdated and offensive in English. In Japanese, the most common and neutral term is 知的障害 (chiteki shōgai). However, older or more direct terms exist and should be used with caution. This guide helps learners understand the appropriate Japanese expressions for this concept.
知的障害
mental retardation (neutral/clinical)
This is the standard, respectful term used in education, medicine, and law.
The standard, respectful way to refer to intellectual disability in Japanese.
This is the modern, neutral term for intellectual disability. It is used in official contexts, education, and healthcare.
彼は知的障害があります。
He has an intellectual disability.
知的障害のある子どもを支援する。
Support children with intellectual disabilities.
A slightly more specific term emphasizing developmental aspects. Also neutral and acceptable.
知的発達障害の診断を受けた。
I was diagnosed with an intellectual developmental disorder.
These terms are direct translations of 'mental retardation' but are now considered derogatory or outdated. They may appear in older texts or casual speech but should be avoided in polite conversation.
This is the literal translation of 'mental retardation'. It is outdated and can be offensive. Still used in some medical contexts historically.
Avoid using this term in modern, respectful communication. It is considered derogatory.
精神遅滞は現在では使われない用語です。
'Mental retardation' is a term no longer used today.
Another direct translation, less common than 精神遅滞. Also outdated.
This term is also outdated and potentially offensive. Use 知的障害 instead.
知能遅滞という言葉は差別的と見なされることがあります。
The term 'mental retardation' can be seen as discriminatory.
These are highly offensive slang terms. They are included only for recognition and should never be used by learners.
An extremely offensive slur meaning 'idiot' or 'imbecile'. Historically used as a medical term but now purely derogatory.
Never use this word. It is deeply insulting.
彼は白痴扱いされた。
He was treated like an idiot. (offensive)
A derogatory term meaning 'low intelligence' or 'feeble-minded'. Used as an insult.
This is a slur and should never be used.
The English term 'mental retardation' is now considered offensive. In Japanese, the direct translations 精神遅滞 and 知能遅滞 are also outdated and potentially hurtful. Always use 知的障害 in respectful communication.
In Japanese, it is common to say 知的障害のある人 (a person with intellectual disability) rather than 知的障害者 (intellectually disabled person), though both are used. The former is more person-first.
I was hurt when called 'feeble-minded'. (offensive)