Translation guide
The English word 'national' is used in many contexts, from describing things related to a whole nation to referring to citizens abroad. In Japanese, the translation depends heavily on the specific meaning. This guide breaks down the main uses and provides natural Japanese equivalents.
Describing something that pertains to an entire country, such as a government, policy, or institution.
The most common and versatile way to say 'national' in the sense of 'of the country'. It is a simple modifier using the noun 国 (country) with the possessive particle の.
Used specifically for institutions established and run by the national government, such as universities, museums, and parks. It literally means 'nationally established'.
Means 'nationwide' or 'all over the country'. Often used in compounds like 全国的 (nationwide, adj.) or 全国紙 (national newspaper).
Refers to the state or nation as a political entity. Often used in formal or political contexts, such as 国家予算 (national budget) or 国家の安全 (national security).
Means 'the people of a nation' or 'citizens'. Used in terms like 国民の祝日 (national holiday) or 国民総生産 (gross national product).
Referring to a person's nationality or status as a citizen.
Referring specifically to a country's national anthem.
国の (kuni no) is the most general and can be used in many contexts. 国立 (kokuritsu) is specifically for institutions established by the national government. 国家 (kokka) is more formal and political, often used in terms like national security or national budget.
English often uses 'national' as an adjective before a noun. In Japanese, you usually need to combine a noun with の or use a compound word. Simply saying ナショナル (nashonaru) is not natural except in some loanword contexts like 'national chain'.
This is a national issue.
She is a French national.
We visited a national park.
国立大学
national university
national park
全国的な調査
a nationwide survey
national network (TV/radio)
national security
national budget
国民の祝日
national holiday
彼は日本国籍を持っている。
He holds Japanese nationality.