Translation guide
In Japanese, the concept of 'national law' is expressed through several terms that differ in scope and context. The most common and general term is 法律 (houritsu), which refers to laws enacted by the national legislature. For the broader legal system or the rule of law at the national level, 国法 (kokuhou) is used, though it is more formal. In contexts distinguishing national law from international or local law, 国内法 (kokunaihou) is appropriate. This guide helps learners choose the right term based on meaning and register.
The learner wants to refer to a specific law or legislation passed by the national Diet, or to the concept of law in general at the national level.
The most common word for 'law' or 'statute' in Japanese. It refers to laws enacted by the national legislature (the Diet). It can be used in both formal and everyday contexts.
A new law was passed.
Please act in accordance with the law.
A more formal or abbreviated term for 'law', often used in compound words or legal contexts. It can refer to a body of law or a specific statute.
This act violates the law.
The learner wants to emphasize that something is governed by the laws of a particular nation, as distinct from international treaties or local ordinances.
Literally 'domestic law'. This is the standard term used in legal and political contexts to refer to the laws within a country, as opposed to international law (国際法).
The relationship between international law and domestic law is complex.
A more formal and somewhat literary term for 'national law' or 'the law of the land'. It can also refer to the constitution or fundamental laws of a nation.
The learner wants to refer to the entire legal framework or system of a country, rather than a single statute.
Refers to the legal system or legislation of a country. It encompasses the whole body of laws and the system by which they are created and enforced.
Japan's legal system is influenced by civil law.
Literally 'legal system' or 'body of laws'. Used in academic or technical discussions about the structure of a nation's laws.
法律 (houritsu) is the everyday word for a law or statute. 国内法 (kokunaihou) specifically contrasts with international law and is used in legal/political contexts. 国法 (kokuhou) is a more formal, sometimes literary term for national law, often implying the fundamental laws of the land. Use 法律 for general references to laws, 国内法 when distinguishing from international or foreign law, and 国法 in formal or historical contexts.
Directly translating 'national law' as ナショナル・ロー is not natural Japanese. Instead, choose the appropriate term based on context: 法律 for general laws, 国内法 for domestic vs. international, or 国法 for formal references.
This treaty takes precedence over domestic law.
国法を遵守することは国民の義務だ。
Observing national law is the duty of citizens.
Compare the legal systems of various countries.