Translation guide
The superlative form of 'old', referring to the greatest age among people, things, or abstract concepts. Japanese expresses this through specific adjectives, nouns, and sentence patterns depending on what is being described.
oldest thing
Also 最古 (さいこ) for formal/historical contexts
Describing the person with the highest age in a family, team, or other group.
A formal noun meaning 'the oldest person' in a group. Commonly used in official contexts, workplaces, or when stating facts.
He is the oldest on the team.
A casual, everyday way to say 'the oldest' among people. Literally 'most senior in age'.
Specifically means 'eldest son' in a family. Use only when referring to a male child.
Specifically means 'eldest daughter' in a family.
Describing the thing with the greatest age, such as artifacts, structures, or items.
Means 'the oldest' for objects, documents, buildings, etc. Often used in historical or academic contexts.
This is the oldest wooden building in Japan.
The most common and versatile way to say 'the oldest' for things. Can be used in casual and formal settings.
Referring to the earliest or most ancient in terms of origin, not physical age.
Referring to the firstborn child without specifying gender.
The adjective 古い (furui) means 'old' for objects, not people. Using it for a person would be rude, implying they are outdated or worn-out. Use 年上 (toshiue) or 年を取っている (toshi o totteiru) for people.
I'm the oldest among my siblings.
長男は医者になりました。
The oldest son became a doctor.
長女は大学生です。
The oldest daughter is a college student.
This shop is the oldest in town.
This is the oldest festival in Japan.
The oldest child goes to elementary school.