Translation guide
To sleep longer than intended, often resulting in being late or missing something. In Japanese, the most common way to express this is with the verb 寝過ごす (to oversleep) or 寝坊する (to sleep in).
To express that you slept past your intended wake-up time and are now late for something.
The most direct equivalent of 'oversleep'. It implies sleeping past the intended time, often with negative consequences.
I overslept this morning and missed my train.
A very common, slightly casual verb meaning to oversleep or sleep in. Often used when you sleep later than planned.
I overslept and was late for school.
Literally 'to sleep too much'. Can be used for oversleeping, but often implies sleeping excessively long without necessarily being late.
I slept too much on my day off and have a headache.
Literally 'to miss hearing the alarm'. Describes the cause of oversleeping rather than the act itself.
I missed my alarm and overslept.
To express that you slept later than usual, but not necessarily with a negative outcome.
Both mean 'oversleep', but 寝過ごす emphasizes the result of sleeping past a point, often with a missed event. 寝坊する is more about the act of sleeping in, and is slightly more casual. In many situations they are interchangeable.
寝過ぎる means 'to sleep too much' and focuses on excessive sleep duration. It is not the best choice when you want to say you were late because you overslept. Use 寝過ごす or 寝坊する instead.
I like sleeping in on Sundays.