Translation guide
The process of turning into stone, either literally (e.g., fossilization) or figuratively (e.g., being paralyzed with fear).
The process by which organic material is converted into stone through mineralization.
The standard scientific term for petrification or fossilization into stone.
A state of being so frightened or shocked that one cannot move, as if turned to stone.
To become stiff or rigid, often from fear or tension. Commonly used for 'petrified' in the figurative sense.
The magical or supernatural transformation of a living being into stone.
To turn someone/something into stone. Often used in fantasy contexts.
While 石化 (sekika) is the direct translation for petrification, it is rarely used for the figurative sense of being paralyzed with fear. Instead, use expressions like 硬直する (kōchoku suru) or 凍りつく (kōritsuku).
この森の木々は長い時間をかけて石化した。
The trees in this forest petrified over a long period of time.
Literally 'petrification action/process'; used in geological contexts.
Dinosaur bones were preserved through petrification.
She was petrified with fear.
Literally 'to freeze', used metaphorically for being paralyzed by shock or fear.
Upon hearing the news, he was petrified on the spot.
Descriptive phrase meaning 'become unable to move like a stone'. More literal and less common than the above.
At the sudden loud noise, he became petrified, unable to move.
Medusa turns those who look at her into stone.
To cause petrification; a more technical-sounding term used in games and stories.
That spell has the effect of petrifying enemies.