Translation guide
The English word "presumption" can refer to an assumption made without proof, an act of taking something for granted, or arrogant behavior. This guide covers natural Japanese expressions for each of these meanings.
Expressing that something is believed to be true without definite proof, often based on probability or incomplete evidence.
A general term for conjecture or guess based on available information. Neutral and widely used.
That's just a presumption.
An assumption made for the sake of argument or as a premise. Often used in logical or hypothetical contexts.
It's dangerous to act on the presumption that he is guilty.
A subjective assumption or belief, often with a nuance of being mistaken or jumping to conclusions.
It was his presumption that she would come.
Estimation or inference, often used in formal or technical contexts like law or statistics.
In law, the presumption of innocence is the principle.
Acting as if something is true or will happen without confirmation, often leading to overstepping.
To jump to a conclusion or assume something without proper basis. Often used when someone is being presumptuous.
He had the presumption that I would help.
To take something for granted; to assume something is natural or one's right.
Presumptuousness; acting beyond one's status. Very formal and often used in humble expressions.
Describing someone who is overly confident, rude, or acts as if they have more authority than they do.
Impudent, shameless, or presumptuous. Describes someone who oversteps social boundaries.
It's presumptuous of you to ask such a thing.
Cheeky, impertinent, or cocky. Often used for younger people who act above their station.
Arrogant, haughty. A stronger term for overbearing pride, often used in formal criticism.
推測 is a general guess based on evidence. 仮定 is a hypothetical assumption for reasoning. 推定 is a formal estimation, often used in legal or statistical contexts.
Guess his age.
Let's assume he is the culprit.
The time of death is estimated to be 3 PM.
There is no single Japanese word that covers all meanings of 'presumption'. Choose the expression based on whether you mean an assumption, taking for granted, or arrogance.
He has a presumption of success.
僭越ながら申し上げます。
I take the liberty of saying (though it may be presumptuous).
Shameless, brazen, or impudent. Similar to 厚かましい but often implies a more persistent or annoying attitude.
I was surprised at his presumptuous attitude.
生意気なことを言うな。
Don't be presumptuous.
彼の傲慢な態度はみんなを怒らせた。
His presumptuous attitude angered everyone.