Translation guide
The English word "prior" has several distinct meanings. This guide covers the most common uses for learners: indicating something that happened before, expressing priority or importance, and the formal title "prior" in a religious context.
To say that something happened or existed before a particular time or event.
To indicate that something is more important or takes precedence over other things.
To refer to the head of a priory or a monastic community.
English 'prior to' is often just a formal way to say 'before'. In Japanese, using 前に (まえに) is usually sufficient. Overusing 事前に (じぜんに) can sound stiff in casual conversation.
Please check the materials prior to the meeting.
My prior job was in marketing.
Means 'prior', 'beforehand', or 'in advance'. Often used in formal or business contexts.
Please contact us prior to your visit.
Prior preparation is necessary.
Means 'before' or 'prior to' a point in time. Often used with a time reference.
I have heard that story prior to this.
A pattern meaning 'prior to ~' or 'before ~'. Used to compare timing.
Please submit it prior to the deadline.
Means 'priority' or 'precedence'. Used as a noun or in compound verbs like 優先する (to prioritize).
Safety is the top priority.
This task takes priority over other tasks.
A pattern meaning 'to prioritize ~' or 'to give priority to ~'.
Please prioritize the customer's requests.
Means 'prior settlement' or 'priority'. Used in formal contexts to indicate something that must be dealt with first.
Fundraising is a prior issue.
The standard translation for 'prior' as a religious title, meaning the head of a monastery.
He was appointed prior of the monastery.
Refers to an 'abbot' or 'prior' of a larger monastery, sometimes used for 'prior' in certain orders.
The prior celebrated the Mass.