Translation guide
The English word 'restitution' refers to returning something lost or stolen, or compensating for harm. In Japanese, there is no single direct equivalent; the best choice depends on whether you mean returning property, paying compensation, or restoring a previous state.
To give back something that was taken or lost, especially in a legal or formal context.
Formal term for returning something to its rightful owner, often used in legal or official contexts (e.g., returning stolen art, territory).
盗まれた美術品の返還が求められている。
The return of the stolen artwork is being demanded.
Returning something borrowed or held, like a library book or rental item. Less formal than 返還, but still polite.
図書館に本を返却した。
I returned the book to the library.
Common verb for returning something. Can be used in everyday situations, but may not carry the legal weight of 'restitution'.
借りたお金を返さなければならない。
I have to return the money I borrowed.
To pay money or provide something to make up for harm, damage, or loss.
Legal or formal compensation for damages, often monetary. Used in contexts like war reparations or damages for injury.
被害者に賠償金が支払われた。
Compensation was paid to the victim.
Compensation or reparation, often for loss or damage, but can also refer to making up for a deficiency. Slightly broader than 賠償.
Atonement or making amends, often with a moral or emotional nuance. Can be used for personal restitution, not just legal.
To bring something back to its original condition, especially in legal or physical contexts.
Legal term meaning 'restoration to the original state'. Used in contract law, tenancy agreements, etc.
賃貸契約では原状回復義務がある。
In a lease contract, there is an obligation to restore the property to its original condition.
Common phrase meaning 'to put back to how it was'. Not specifically legal, but can be used in everyday restitution contexts.
部屋を元に戻してください。
Please restore the room to its original state.
返還 is about returning a physical object or territory, while 賠償 is about paying money for damages. Do not confuse them.
The English word 'restitution' is often translated as 賠償 or 返還, but using the wrong one can change the meaning. If you mean returning a stolen item, use 返還; if you mean paying for harm, use 賠償. The general verb 返す is too casual for legal contexts.
The company promised compensation for the accident.
彼は罪の償いをした。
He made amends for his crime.