Translation guide
The English word 'sculpture' can refer to the art form, a single artwork, or the act of sculpting. Japanese uses different words depending on the nuance: 彫刻 (chōkoku) is the general term for carving/sculpture, 彫像 (chōzō) for a carved statue, and 塑造 (sozō) for modeling in clay. For modern abstract works, 立体作品 (rittai sakuhin) or the loanword スカルプチャー (sukarupuchā) may be used.
Referring to sculpture as an artistic discipline or category.
The most common and general term for sculpture, encompassing both carving and modeling. Used for the art form, a piece, or the act.
He is majoring in sculpture.
There are many sculptures in this park.
Literally 'three-dimensional work', used in modern art contexts to refer to sculptures, especially when not traditional carving.
This sculpture is made of metal.
Loanword from English, used in contemporary art or fashion contexts, but not common in everyday speech.
Referring to a specific sculpted object, typically carved from stone or wood.
Specifically a carved statue or figure, often of a person or animal. Emphasizes the object as a carved image.
The sculpture is made of marble.
Can also refer to a single carved piece, but is broader. Use 彫像 when you want to emphasize it's a statue.
A modeled statue, typically made of clay or plaster, as opposed to carved. Used in fine arts.
Referring to the activity of creating a sculpture.
Used as a noun for the act of carving or sculpting. Often combined with する to mean 'to sculpt'.
He is absorbed in sculpting.
The verb form 'to sculpt' or 'to carve'. Use this when describing the action.
He sculpted a bird out of wood.
Specifically the act of modeling clay or plaster. Used in art education.
彫刻 (chōkoku) is the general term for sculpture, covering both the art and the object. 彫像 (chōzō) specifically means a carved statue, often of a figure. 塑造 (sozō) refers to modeling with clay or plaster, not carving. Use 彫刻 for most situations; use 彫像 when you want to emphasize it's a statue; use 塑造 only in art contexts.
The loanword スカルプチャー is understood in art circles but sounds unnatural in everyday conversation. Stick to 彫刻 or 彫像.
Her sculpture has an abstract form.
A bronze sculpture stands in the park.
この木の彫刻はとても細かい。
This wooden sculpture is very detailed.
This sculpture was shaped from clay.
He went to Italy to study sculpture.
I made a bust in sculpture class.