Translation guide
The word 'shark' in English refers to a type of fish. In Japanese, the most common word is サメ (same). This entry covers the animal and some related expressions.
shark (fish)
Referring to the fish, in general or specific species.
The general word for shark. Can be written in katakana or kanji (鮫), but katakana is common in everyday use.
昨日、水族館でサメを見た。
Yesterday, I saw a shark at the aquarium.
Sharks are thought to be dangerous animals.
Kanji form of サメ. Used in more formal or literary contexts, or in compound words.
I am researching the ecology of sharks.
An alternative word for shark, often used in certain regions or in the context of shark fin (フカヒレ). Less common than サメ.
Shark fin is a luxury food ingredient.
Referring to specific types of sharks.
Great white shark. Literally 'white-cheeked shark'.
The great white shark is one of the most famous shark species.
Whale shark. The largest fish in the world.
Hammerhead shark. Literally 'hammer shark'.
Referring to a person who exploits others financially.
Loan shark; usurer. Literally 'high-interest lender'. This is the standard term for someone who lends money at exorbitant rates.
He is being chased by loan sharks.
Abbreviation of サラリーマン金融, referring to consumer finance companies that often charge high interest. Can imply predatory lending.
Swindler, con artist. Not specifically a loan shark, but can be used for a shark in the sense of a cheat.
In everyday writing, サメ in katakana is more common. 鮫 is used in formal or scientific contexts, or when writing with kanji for stylistic reasons. Both are read さめ.
I joined a tour to swim with whale sharks.
シュモクザメの頭の形は独特だ。
The shape of a hammerhead shark's head is unique.
サラ金から借りるのは危険だ。
Borrowing from a loan shark is dangerous.
That man is a shark, so be careful.