Translation guide
The English verb "swear" has two main meanings: making a serious promise (often in formal contexts) and using offensive language. These meanings are expressed very differently in Japanese, so it's important to choose the right word based on your intent.
To promise something seriously, often in a formal or legal context, or to assert that something is true.
I swear I didn't do it. · He swore to protect her. · Witnesses must swear an oath before testifying.
The most common and versatile verb for swearing an oath or making a vow. Can be used for personal promises, formal oaths, and in legal settings.
To say rude or offensive words, often to express anger or frustration.
He swore loudly when he stubbed his toe. · Don't swear in front of your grandmother. · The movie has a lot of swearing.
The most common way to say "swear" in the sense of using bad language. It literally means "to say bad things" and covers cursing, insulting, and using offensive words.
彼は怒るとすぐ悪口を言う。
He starts swearing as soon as he gets angry.
Using 誓う (to vow) when you mean "to curse" will cause confusion. Always consider whether you are making a promise or using bad language.
Japanese does not have a direct equivalent to the English concept of "swearing" as a broad category of taboo language. Instead, offensive speech is described more specifically. When in doubt, 悪口を言う is the safest choice.
もう二度としないと誓います。
I swear I'll never do it again.
彼は客に悪口を言ってクビになった。
He was fired for swearing at a customer.
I swear to tell the truth.
彼は彼女に永遠の愛を誓った。
He swore eternal love to her.
Literally "to stand an oath," this phrase emphasizes the act of making a formal vow. Slightly more solemn than 誓う alone.
彼は復讐の誓いを立てた。
He swore an oath of revenge.
Formal term used for official oaths, such as in court or when assuming a public office. Not used for casual promises.
大統領は就任宣誓をした。
The president swore the oath of office.
子供の前で悪口を言わないで。
Don't swear in front of the children.
A stronger verb meaning to curse, abuse, or revile someone. It implies directing harsh language at a person, often in anger.
This word is quite strong and can sound aggressive. Use with care.
彼は相手を激しく罵った。
He swore violently at his opponent.
Literally "to use dirty words," this phrase is a descriptive way to talk about swearing or using foul language without being vulgar yourself.
彼はよく汚い言葉を使う。
He often swears.
Japanese has fewer all-purpose swear words than English. Instead, offensive language often involves specific insults or vulgar terms. Common examples include くそ (kuso, "shit"), ちくしょう (chikushō, "damn it"), or ばか (baka, "idiot"). However, these are not direct equivalents of "swear" as a verb.
Using these words can be very informal or rude. They are not suitable for polite conversation.
「くそ！」と彼は言った。
"Shit!" he swore.