Translation guide
In Japanese, referring to 'the poor' as a group is often done with set phrases or descriptive terms. The most common and neutral expression is 貧しい人々 (mazushii hitobito), literally 'poor people'. There are also more formal or literary terms, and some that carry negative connotations. This guide helps you choose the right expression based on context and nuance.
Referring to poor people as a group in a neutral or descriptive way.
The most straightforward and neutral way to say 'the poor' or 'poor people'. Suitable for most contexts.
I donated to help the poor.
That policy had a big impact on the poor.
A more formal, sociological term meaning 'the poor' or 'the impoverished class'. Often used in news or academic writing.
We need to improve the living standards of the poor.
A somewhat dated or literary term for 'poor people'. Can sound blunt or even derogatory in modern usage. Use with caution.
May carry negative or condescending connotations. Prefer 貧しい人々 in most situations.
This area used to be called a slum (poor people's district).
Referring to the poor in a formal, economic, or policy context.
Referring to 'the poor' in a religious or philosophical context, such as 'blessed are the poor'.
Even in religious contexts, the standard phrase is used. In the Bible, 'the poor' is translated as 貧しい人々.
Blessed are the poor in spirit.
English uses 'the poor' as a collective noun, but Japanese does not have a direct equivalent. Using 貧乏 (binbou) or 貧乏人 (binbounin) can sound rude or blunt. Stick to 貧しい人々 or context-appropriate terms.
Poor people always lose out. (sounds harsh)
貧乏 (binbou) is a noun meaning 'poverty' or 'being poor', and 貧乏人 (binbounin) means 'poor person'. These can sound derogatory. 貧しい (mazushii) is an adjective meaning 'poor', and 貧しい人 (mazushii hito) is a neutral way to say 'poor person'.
The poor are getting poorer.
We must help the poor.
Educational opportunities for children from poor households.