Translation guide
A formal linking adverb meaning 'after that time/event'. In Japanese, it is expressed with time nouns like その後, それ以降, or conjunctive phrases. The choice depends on formality and whether the reference point is a specific past event or a general rule.
Referring to a time after a previously mentioned event, often in narratives or reports.
He graduated from university. Thereafter, he found a job in Tokyo.
More casual than その後; often used in conversation. Can also mean 'and then' in a sequence.
First we went shopping, and thereafter we watched a movie.
Emphasizes the immediate aftermath; 'right after that'. Slightly more colloquial.
The meeting ended. Thereafter, we all went out to eat.
Indicating a continuing state or repeated action starting after a specific event, often in legal, academic, or formal contexts.
Means 'after that and from then on'. Implies a lasting change or ongoing situation. Common in formal writing.
The new system will be implemented next month. Thereafter, the application process will change.
Similar to それ以降 but often used for personal experiences; 'ever since then'.
Emphasizes continuity: 'ever after that, all the time since then'.
Used in historical accounts, literature, or very formal reports to mean 'after that time'.
その後 (そのご) is the most standard and neutral. それから is more conversational and often implies a sequence of actions. その後で (そのあとで) emphasizes immediacy. In formal writing, その後 (そのご) or それ以降 are preferred.
English 'thereafter' is a single word, but Japanese requires a phrase. Do not try to translate it as one word. Also, do not use その後 (そのご) for future events from now; use これから or 今後 instead.
The company was founded in 1990. Shortly thereafter, it expanded overseas.
She left home and never returned thereafter.
I had that accident, and thereafter I've been afraid to drive.
She failed once, and thereafter she has lacked confidence ever since.
Thereafter, I never saw him again.