Translation guide
A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. In Japanese, the word is 津波, but learners should know related terms and expressions for discussing tsunami warnings, safety, and impact.
Referring to the physical phenomenon of a tsunami
The standard Japanese word for tsunami, used in all contexts.
A large tsunami struck the town.
The tsunami reached a height of 10 meters.
Discussing official alerts and warnings
Tsunami warning (major tsunami expected).
A tsunami warning has been issued.
Tsunami advisory (smaller tsunami possible).
A tsunami advisory is in effect.
Major tsunami warning (highest level, for very large tsunamis).
A major tsunami warning was announced.
Talking about fleeing from a tsunami
To escape from a tsunami.
We fled to higher ground from the tsunami.
Tsunami evacuation (compound noun).
I participated in a tsunami evacuation drill.
A traditional saying meaning 'each person flees on their own' during a tsunami, emphasizing individual action.
Using 'tsunami' figuratively for a large surge of something
Can be used metaphorically, similar to English, for a huge wave of something (e.g., information, people).
I feel like I'm drowning in a tsunami of information.
The Japanese word 津波 is pronounced 'tsunami' with a 'ts' sound at the beginning, not 'sunami'. The 'tsu' is a single mora.
In English, 'tidal wave' is sometimes used incorrectly for tsunami. In Japanese, 津波 is the correct term; 潮汐波 (ちょうせきは) means tidal wave in the scientific sense (caused by tides).
Following the teaching of 'tsunami tendenko,' I fled immediately.