Translation guide
Describes something or someone that does not have an official license, permit, or authorization. In Japanese, this is commonly expressed using 無免許 (mumenkyo) or 無許可 (mukyoka), depending on whether it refers to a personal qualification or a formal permission.
Describes a person who lacks a legally required license, or an activity done without such a license. Most commonly used for driving without a license.
Refers to the state of not having a required license, especially for driving. Often used in legal contexts or news reports.
He was driving without a license.
Driving without a license is a serious offense.
A more descriptive phrase meaning 'does not have a license'. Can be used for any type of license.
She doesn't have a license yet.
Means 'unqualified' or 'without proper credentials'. Used more broadly for lacking certifications, not just driving.
Performing medical procedures without a license is illegal.
Describes a business, activity, or place that operates without official authorization or a permit.
Means 'without permission' or 'unauthorized'. Used for businesses, events, or actions that lack official approval.
A shop operating without a license was raided.
Unauthorized demonstrations are prohibited.
A more literal phrase meaning 'has not obtained permission'. Can be used in various contexts.
Specifically means 'unauthorized' or 'unapproved' by an official body, often used for facilities like daycare centers.
Describes software, products, or content that is used or distributed without a proper license.
Directly means 'without a license'. Commonly used for software or digital content.
Using unlicensed software carries risks.
Means 'without permission' or 'unauthorized'. Often used in phrases like 無断使用 (unauthorized use) or 無断転載 (unauthorized reproduction).
無免許 (mumenkyo) is most strongly associated with driving without a license. 無許可 (mukyoka) is used for businesses or activities lacking official permission. 無資格 (mushikaku) refers to lacking professional qualifications or certifications.
The English word 'unlicensed' can cover many situations, but Japanese uses different words depending on the context. Using 無免許 for a business without a permit would sound unnatural.
This building has an unlicensed extension.
無認可保育園でも質の高い保育を提供しているところがある。
Even unlicensed daycare centers can provide high-quality childcare.
このソフトの無断使用は禁止されています。
Unauthorized use of this software is prohibited.