Translation guide
Describes something that does not give way, bend, or compromise. Can refer to physical rigidity, firm determination, or stubborn refusal to change.
Describing a material, surface, or object that does not bend, compress, or yield under pressure.
General word for 'hard' or 'stiff'. Covers physical unyieldingness of objects, surfaces, or materials.
This bread is so hard I can't bite through it.
The floor is hard and uncomfortable to sleep on.
Often used for 'firm', 'solid', or 'tight'. Implies structural integrity and resistance to deformation. Common for materials like wood, metal, or tightly packed items.
This wood is very hard.
The lid is stuck tight and won't open.
Often used for 'stiff', 'firm', or 'set'. Can describe substances that hold their shape, like clay or jelly, or abstract things like rules or promises.
The jelly has set.
Make a firm promise.
Means 'sturdy' or 'solidly built'. Emphasizes durability and resistance to force. Often used for furniture, buildings, or vehicles.
This desk is sturdy and looks like it will last a long time.
Describing a person, decision, or stance that does not waver or compromise.
Means 'firm', 'resolute', 'determined'. Used for attitudes, refusals, or actions that show strong will.
He refused with a firm attitude.
Showed unyielding determination.
Literally 'unshakable'. Describes beliefs, trust, or resolve that cannot be moved.
His conviction is unshakable.
Means 'stubborn'. Often negative, implying refusal to change one's mind even when unreasonable. Can be used for unyielding personality.
Often carries a negative nuance of unreasonable stubbornness. Use with care.
Means 'hardline' or 'tough'. Used for political stances, negotiation tactics, or uncompromising attitudes.
Maintain a hardline stance.
Describing a person or entity that refuses to yield, surrender, or back down.
Means 'not to yield' or 'not to give in'. Used for people who do not succumb to pressure, threats, or difficulties.
He does not yield to any pressure.
Literally 'not give even one step'. Means to refuse to compromise or back down in an argument or negotiation.
All read かたい. 硬い is for general hardness (bread, stone). 堅い is for firmness and tightness (wood, lid). 固い is for stiffness or set state (jelly, promise). In many contexts they overlap, but nuances differ.
Place unshakable trust in someone.
He is stubborn and doesn't listen to others' opinions.
Did not budge an inch in the negotiations.
Means 'tenacious' or 'persistent'. Describes someone who does not give up easily and keeps trying.
He tenaciously continued the negotiations.