Translation guide
How to ask someone what is wrong or why they seem upset in Japanese, with options ranging from casual to formal.
To ask a friend, family member, or someone close what is bothering them in an informal setting.
The most common casual way to ask 'what's the matter?' or 'what's wrong?'. Used with friends, family, or children.
元気ないね。どうしたの？
You seem down. What's the matter?
A slightly softer, more tentative way to ask if something is wrong. Implies you noticed a change.
さっきから黙ってるけど、どうかした？
You've been quiet for a while. Is something the matter?
Literally 'Did something happen?'. Used when you suspect a specific event caused the problem.
顔色が悪いよ。何かあった？
You look pale. Did something happen?
To ask a colleague, acquaintance, or stranger what is wrong in a polite or formal context.
Polite way to ask 'what's the matter?' using the respectful verb される. Suitable for customers, superiors, or strangers.
お客様、どうされましたか？
Sir/Ma'am, what's the matter?
Even more polite and formal. Often used in service situations or when showing extra concern.
何かお困りのようですが、どうかなさいましたか？
You seem to be having trouble. What's the matter?
Polite version of 'Did something happen?'. Neutral and can be used in various situations.
遅刻しましたね。何かありましたか？
You're late. Did something happen?
To ask if someone is feeling unwell or in pain.
Casual 'Are you okay?'. Often used when someone looks sick or hurt.
顔色が悪いけど、大丈夫？
You look pale. Are you okay?
Specifically asks if someone feels sick. Casual.
さっきからトイレに行ってるけど、気分が悪いの？
You've been going to the bathroom a lot. Are you feeling sick?
To gently ask someone who is visibly emotional what is wrong.
Directly asks 'Why are you crying?'. Use with close friends or children.
どうして泣いてるの？何かあった？
Why are you crying? Did something happen?
Asks 'What's making you sad?'. More direct about the emotion.
そんなに落ち込んで、何が悲しいの？
You're so down. What's making you sad?
The phrase '何が問題ですか？' (What is the problem?) sounds too direct and formal for casual concern. It is better suited for business or technical troubleshooting.
どうしたの？ asks for an explanation of what happened, while 大丈夫？ focuses on the person's well-being. Use 大丈夫？ when you suspect injury or illness.