Translation guide
How to ask someone what is wrong or why they seem upset in Japanese, with options ranging from casual to formal.
To ask a friend, family member, or someone close what is bothering them in an informal setting.
The most common casual way to ask 'what's the matter?' or 'what's wrong?'. Used with friends, family, or children.
You seem down. What's the matter?
A slightly softer, more tentative way to ask if something is wrong. Implies you noticed a change.
You've been quiet for a while. Is something the matter?
Literally 'Did something happen?'. Used when you suspect a specific event caused the problem.
You look pale. Did something happen?
To ask a colleague, acquaintance, or stranger what is wrong in a polite or formal context.
Polite way to ask 'what's the matter?' using the respectful verb される. Suitable for customers, superiors, or strangers.
Sir/Ma'am, what's the matter?
Even more polite and formal. Often used in service situations or when showing extra concern.
Polite version of 'Did something happen?'. Neutral and can be used in various situations.
To ask if someone is feeling unwell or in pain.
To gently ask someone who is visibly emotional what is wrong.
Directly asks 'Why are you crying?'. Use with close friends or children.
Why are you crying? Did something happen?
Asks 'What's making you sad?'. More direct about the emotion.
The phrase '何が問題ですか？' (What is the problem?) sounds too direct and formal for casual concern. It is better suited for business or technical troubleshooting.
どうしたの？ asks for an explanation of what happened, while 大丈夫？ focuses on the person's well-being. Use 大丈夫？ when you suspect injury or illness.
You seem to be having trouble. What's the matter?
You're late. Did something happen?
You've been going to the bathroom a lot. Are you feeling sick?
You're so down. What's making you sad?