length, ten shaku, measure, Mr., Ms., height, stature, all (one has), only, that's all, merely
丈 centers on a unit of length (about ten shaku) and by extension the idea of measuring height or stature. The polite title senses (Mr./Ms.) and the limiting senses (only, merely) are separate, conventional uses that do not share a single conceptual center with the measurement meaning.
丈 is traditionally explained as a pictograph of a hand holding a measuring stick or a unit of length, but the exact historical development is uncertain.
The shape suggests a person standing tall: the top stroke is the head, the horizontal stroke the outstretched arms, and the sweeping diagonal the body and legs. This person is being measured for height, so 丈 means length or stature.
For ジョウ, imagine a tall person named Joe being measured: Joe -> ジョウ, and his height is exactly one 丈.
only; just; merely; simply; no more than; nothing but; alone
safe; secure; sound; problem-free; without fear; all right; alright; OK; okay
that much; as much; to that extent; only that; that alone; no more than that; that is all (when finished speaking)
height; stature
solid; firm; stout; burly; strong; sturdy
healthy; robust; strong; solid; durable
stature; body height
stature; height
stout-hearted; firm; courageous; brave; tough
stormy and full of drama; full of ups and downs; with many vicissitudes
rice plant's height
hurrah!; long life; congratulations; full vent
square jō (approx. 10 sq feet)
plain-woven silk cloth produced on Hachijo Island (sometimes striped)
dress length
one's whole heart; everything one feels
length of a sleeve (of Western clothing)
high-handed; overbearing
three-quarter length (usu. clothing)
3.03 meters (ten shaku)