Skip to content
Kotomora

歳

year-end, age, occasion, opportunity

JLPTN3StatusJōyō · secondary schoolFrequencyTop 500Strokes13

Readings

On'yomi

  • サイ
  • セイ

Kun'yomi

  • とし
  • とせ
  • よわい

Meaning

歳 centers on the passage of time, especially the turning of a year. It marks age (years lived), year-end, and by extension occasions or opportunities that come with the cycle of years.

Most common words using 歳

20 of 72
  • 歳さい
    N1

    ... years old; age (of) ...

  • 万歳ばんざい
    N2

    banzai; hurray; hurrah; hooray

  • 千歳ちとせ

    thousand years; millennium; eternity

  • 歳月さいげつ
    N1

    time; years

  • 歳入さいにゅう

    annual revenue (government); annual income (government); budget receipts

  • 歳出さいしゅつ

    annual expenditure (of a state, organization, etc.)

  • 歳暮せいぼ

    year-end gift

  • 20歳はたち
    N5

    20 years old

  • 万々歳ばんばんざい

    matter for great congratulation

  • 歳時記さいじき

    almanac of seasonal words (for haiku poets)

  • 歳費さいひ

    annual expenditure

  • 歳末さいまつ
    N1

    year end

  • 万歳まんざい

    door-to-door manzai; form of comedy originally performed at people's homes by entertainers during the New Year festivities; precursor to modern day manzai

  • 何歳なんさい
    N5

    how old; what age

  • お歳暮おせいぼ
    N1

    year-end gift

  • 0歳ゼロさい

    under 1 year old (of a baby); 0 years old

  • ゼロ歳児ゼロさいじ

    child under a year old

  • マイナス1歳マイナスいっさい

    prenatal period (of a baby's development); period when a baby is in the womb

  • 一般会計歳出いっぱんかいけいさいしゅつ

    general account expenditure

  • 一般歳出いっぱんさいしゅつ

    general expenditures; general spending

Explore all words using 歳 →

Study

Etymology

歳 originally combined 步 (step) with 戌 (a halberd-like weapon), representing the annual cycle of harvest and ritual. The modern form simplifies the lower part to 戌 enclosing 小, but the core idea of a yearly cycle remains.

Meaning mnemonic

The top 止 (stop) and the outer 戌 (like a weapon) enclosing 小 (small) suggest a small pause in the yearly cycle: a year-end occasion to stop and reflect on age and opportunities.

Reading mnemonic

For サイ, imagine a sigh (サイ) at the end of the year as you count your age: sigh -> サイ, and the year-end occasion makes you sigh.