歳
year-end, age, occasion, opportunity
Readings
On'yomi
- サイ
- セイ
Kun'yomi
- とし
- とせ
- よわい
Meaning
歳 centers on the passage of time, especially the turning of a year. It marks age (years lived), year-end, and by extension occasions or opportunities that come with the cycle of years.
Most common words using 歳
20 of 72- 歳さいN1
... years old; age (of) ...
- 万歳ばんざいN2
banzai; hurray; hurrah; hooray
- 千歳ちとせ
thousand years; millennium; eternity
- 歳月さいげつN1
time; years
- 歳入さいにゅう
annual revenue (government); annual income (government); budget receipts
- 歳出さいしゅつ
annual expenditure (of a state, organization, etc.)
- 歳暮せいぼ
year-end gift
- 20歳はたちN5
20 years old
- 万々歳ばんばんざい
matter for great congratulation
- 歳時記さいじき
almanac of seasonal words (for haiku poets)
- 歳費さいひ
annual expenditure
- 歳末さいまつN1
year end
- 万歳まんざい
door-to-door manzai; form of comedy originally performed at people's homes by entertainers during the New Year festivities; precursor to modern day manzai
- 何歳なんさいN5
how old; what age
- お歳暮おせいぼN1
year-end gift
- 0歳ゼロさい
under 1 year old (of a baby); 0 years old
- ゼロ歳児ゼロさいじ
child under a year old
- マイナス1歳マイナスいっさい
prenatal period (of a baby's development); period when a baby is in the womb
- 一般会計歳出いっぱんかいけいさいしゅつ
general account expenditure
- 一般歳出いっぱんさいしゅつ
general expenditures; general spending
Study
Etymology
歳 originally combined 步 (step) with 戌 (a halberd-like weapon), representing the annual cycle of harvest and ritual. The modern form simplifies the lower part to 戌 enclosing 小, but the core idea of a yearly cycle remains.
Meaning mnemonic
The top 止 (stop) and the outer 戌 (like a weapon) enclosing 小 (small) suggest a small pause in the yearly cycle: a year-end occasion to stop and reflect on age and opportunities.
Reading mnemonic
For サイ, imagine a sigh (サイ) at the end of the year as you count your age: sigh -> サイ, and the year-end occasion makes you sigh.