noun
single crop; monoculture
Refers to cultivating only one type of crop on a given piece of land, often contrasted with multiple cropping or crop rotation.
この地域では一毛作が一般的で、毎年同じ作物を育てている。
In this region, single cropping is common, and they grow the same crop every year.
Compound of 一 (one) + 毛 (crop, from 毛作 meaning cultivation) + 作 (cultivate). The term is a straightforward Sino-Japanese formation.