noun
Edo-period family registry; population register
Historical term for a district-level census record kept during the Edo period, listing households and individuals.
江戸時代には、村ごとに人別帳が作成された。
During the Edo period, a family registry was created for each village.
この人別帳には、当時の家族構成が詳しく記されている。
This population register records the family structures of that time in detail.
宗門人別帳 is a related historical document that combined religious affiliation with the population registry.
Compound of 人別 (にんべつ, 'per person' or 'individual') and 帳 (ちょう, 'register' or 'ledger'). The term is specific to the Edo-period administrative system.