particle
how!; what!; alas!
Archaic sentence-ending particle expressing exclamation, wonder, or lament. Not used in modern spoken Japanese; appears in classical literature, poetry, and set phrases.
「ああ、悲しいかな」と彼は嘆いた。
"Alas, how sad!" he lamented.
古典の授業で「春過ぎて夏来るらし白妙の衣干したり天の香具山」の歌に「かな」の用法を学んだ。
In classical literature class, we learned the usage of かな from the poem "Spring has passed, and summer seems to have come; white robes are being dried on heavenly Mount Kagu."
Modern colloquial sentence-ending particle expressing emotion or emphasis, similar in feel but not archaic.
Another classical exclamatory particle, often used by women in literature.
Derived from the classical Japanese sentence-ending particle かな, which combined the interrogative か and the emotive な. Its exact origin is uncertain, but it has been used since the Heian period to express exclamation or wonder.