noun
formal logic
Academic term for the study of logical systems based on formal rules and symbolic representations, as opposed to informal reasoning.
形式論理学は、推論の妥当性を形式的に扱う学問です。
Formal logic is the study that deals with the validity of reasoning in a formal way.
論理学 is the broader field of logic, while 形式論理学 specifically refers to formal logic, which emphasizes symbolic and mathematical methods.
Compound of 形式 (form) + 論理学 (logic), a calque from Western academic terminology.