noun
headquarters (on the battlefield)
Original meaning: the place where the commander's banner was set up, i.e., the military headquarters. Now mainly a historical term.
戦国時代、旗本は大将のいる本陣を指した。
In the Warring States period, 旗本 referred to the headquarters where the commander was stationed.
noun
direct retainer of a shogun; hatamoto
In the Edo period, a hatamoto was a samurai who served the shogun directly and had the right to an audience. The term is well-known in historical contexts.
江戸時代、旗本は将軍直属の家臣だった。
In the Edo period, hatamoto were direct retainers of the shogun.
彼の先祖は旗本だったと聞いた。
I heard that his ancestor was a hatamoto.