also: ぎゅうや
noun
cowshed; cow barn
A building or shed where cows are kept.
農家の裏手に古い牛屋がある。
There is an old cowshed behind the farmhouse.
noun
cow farmer; cattle farmer
A person who raises cows; a cattle farmer.
彼の祖父は牛屋で、広い牧場を持っていた。
His grandfather was a cattle farmer and owned a large ranch.
noun
beef restaurant; restaurant specializing in beef
A restaurant that specializes in beef dishes, such as gyudon or steak.
駅前に新しい牛屋ができて、牛丼が人気だ。
A new beef restaurant opened in front of the station, and its gyudon is popular.
noun
beef store; butcher shop selling beef
A store that sells beef, such as a butcher shop or a specialty meat shop.
商店街の牛屋で新鮮な牛肉を買った。
I bought fresh beef at the beef store in the shopping district.
牛舎 specifically means a cowshed or cattle barn, similar to sense 1 of 牛屋, but is more formal and technical.
牧場 means a ranch or livestock farm, which may include cowsheds and grazing land, whereas 牛屋 can refer to the farmer or the shed itself.
精肉店 is a general butcher shop, while 牛屋 in sense 4 specifically emphasizes beef.
Compound of 牛 (ushi, 'cow') + 屋 (ya, 'shop' or 'house'). The reading ぎゅうや uses the on'yomi of 牛.