noun
calamity; disturbance; disorder; turmoil
Obsolete term for a great disaster or upheaval; not used in modern Japanese outside of historical or literary contexts.
古文書には、戦乱を「禍乱」と記した例が見られる。
In old documents, there are examples where warfare is recorded as 禍乱.
Modern common word for calamity or misfortune; 禍乱 is an obsolete literary equivalent.
Modern word for confusion or disorder; 禍乱 carries a heavier, more catastrophic nuance.
Compound of 禍 (calamity) and 乱 (disorder). The exact historical derivation is uncertain; it appears in classical Chinese and was adopted into Japanese as a literary term.