noun
ice goby
A small, translucent goby (Leucopsarion petersii) found in Japan; often eaten as sashimi or in clear soups. The name is usually written in kana.
春になると、シロウオ漁が解禁される。
In spring, the ice goby fishing season opens.
シロウオの踊り食いは、この地域の名物だ。
Eating live ice gobies is a local specialty.
シラウオ (白魚) is a different fish, the Japanese icefish (Salangichthys microdon), also small and translucent but from a different family. The kanji 白魚 can be read as either しらうお or しろうお, so context is needed.
The name likely derives from 白 (しろ, 'white') and 魚 (うお, 'fish'), referring to its pale, translucent body. The exact historical derivation is uncertain.