nidan verb (lower class) with 'hu/fu' ending (archaic), intransitive verb
Archaic intransitive verb for time passing or events elapsing. Equivalent to modern 経つ (たつ) or 経る (へる) in the temporal sense. Found in classical Japanese texts.
See also: 経る (へる)
年月が経につれて、都の様子も変わった。
As the months and years passed, the capital's appearance also changed.
nidan verb (lower class) with 'hu/fu' ending (archaic), intransitive verb
Archaic intransitive verb for physically passing through a place. Modern equivalent is 通る (とおる) or 経る (へる) in spatial contexts. Rare, mostly in classical literature.
See also: 経る (へる)
旅人が関所を経とき、厳しい取り調べを受けた。
When travelers passed through the checkpoint, they underwent strict inspection.
nidan verb (lower class) with 'hu/fu' ending (archaic), intransitive verb
Archaic intransitive verb for undergoing an experience. Modern equivalent is 経験する (けいけんする) or 経る (へる) in experiential contexts. Used in classical narratives.
See also: 経る (へる)
幾多の苦難を経て、彼は悟りを開いた。
Having gone through many hardships, he attained enlightenment.
Modern equivalent of 経 (ふ). 経る is a regular ichidan verb used for time passing, going through places, or experiencing events. 経 (ふ) is its archaic nidan predecessor.
Modern intransitive verb for time passing. More common than 経る for simple temporal passage, but does not cover spatial or experiential senses.
Modern verb for physically passing through a location. 経 (ふ) sense 2 is the archaic counterpart.
Modern suru-verb for experiencing something. 経 (ふ) sense 3 is the archaic equivalent.
Classical Japanese nidan verb ふ, ancestor of modern 経る (へる). The kanji 経 and 歴 both convey the idea of passing or elapsing. The exact derivation of the verb root is uncertain, but it is native Japanese.