Refers to a room or space equipped for cooking, often in schools, hospitals, ships, or other facilities. More specific than 台所 (home kitchen).
I learned cooking in the school's kitchen.
The ship's galley is very small.
厨房 is a professional kitchen in a restaurant or hotel, whereas 調理室 can be any designated cooking room, including in schools or ships.
Compound of 調理 (cooking) + 室 (room). The word is straightforward and modern.