chartalism
Economic theory that money derives its value from state authority rather than intrinsic worth or commodity backing.
Chartalism holds that the value of money originates from state authority.
Metallism, the opposing view that money's value comes from the precious metal it contains, contrasting with chartalism's state-based theory.
Compound of 貨幣 (money) + 国定 (state-established) + 説 (theory), directly translating the Western economic concept of chartalism.