noun
federal court (US)
Refers specifically to the federal court system of the United States. Not used for federal courts of other countries without qualification.
連邦政府裁判所は、合衆国憲法に基づいて設置されている。
Federal courts are established under the United States Constitution.
連邦裁判所 is a broader term for federal courts in general, while 連邦政府裁判所 explicitly includes 'government' and is more specific to the US federal court system.
Compound of 連邦 (federation), 政府 (government), and 裁判所 (court). A direct translation of 'federal court' with the addition of 政府 to specify the government branch.