township and village enterprises (in China); TVE
Refers to collectively owned enterprises in rural China, especially prominent during the economic reforms of the 1980s and 1990s.
Township and village enterprises played an important role in China's rural economy.
Many township and village enterprises were established in the 1980s.
A direct borrowing from Chinese 鄉鎮企業 (xiāngzhèn qǐyè), referring to rural collective enterprises.