A derogatory term for a foolish person, stronger than あほ. Often used in Kansai dialect but understood nationwide. Can be used as an insult or in a joking manner among close friends.
ばか is the standard Japanese word for 'fool', used nationwide. あほたれ is more dialectal and carries a rougher, more insulting tone.
Etymology
Derived from あほ (fool) + たれ (a pejorative suffix, from 垂れ meaning 'drip' or 'droop', implying worthlessness). The exact origin is uncertain, but it is a Kansai dialect expression.