noun
p-value
Statistical term used in hypothesis testing; the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
この研究では、ｐ値が0.05未満の場合に統計的に有意とみなした。
In this study, a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
ｐ値だけに頼るのではなく、効果量も報告すべきだ。
We should report effect sizes as well, not just rely on p-values.
Significance level (alpha), the threshold against which the p-value is compared.
Null hypothesis, the default assumption that the p-value tests against.
Borrowed from English 'p-value', where 'p' stands for 'probability'. The Japanese form combines the letter 'p' with 値 (value).